| Peer-Reviewed

Microalbuminuria in Diabetic Patients in the Bamenda Health District

Received: 15 March 2017     Accepted: 19 April 2017     Published: 18 October 2017
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) and it accounts for one third of all patients requiring renal replacement therapy in Africa. Diabetic patients with microalbuminuria (MA) have an increased risk of progression to macroalbuminuria and later to ESRD. So detecting MA which is a marker of DN helps to alert the clinician to intervene at a time when future renal damage is still preventable. The main goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of MA in diabetic patients at the Bamenda Regional Hospital. This study was a prospective cross sectional study involving diabetic patients at the Bamenda Regional Hospital. A random (spot) or first morning urine specimen was collected and MA was measured by a semi quantitative dipstick method using the URS-14H urine test strips. The prevalence of MA in the present study was 34.6%, which is high but similar to the results of other studies done in sub-Saharan Africa. Although MA was more common (50%) in individuals with diabetes more than 16 years, a high proportion (42.85%) of patients with MA had a duration of diabetes of ≤ 5years. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of MA with respect to age, gender and duration of diabetes. This study showed a high prevalence of MA in the diabetic population presenting at the Bamenda Regional Hospital. Consequently, measures of glycemic control should be enhanced in this population to prevent the progression to macroalbuminuria and ESRD.

Published in Science Journal of Clinical Medicine (Volume 6, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.sjcm.20170604.14
Page(s) 63-67
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Microalbuminuria, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Nephropathy, Prevalence, Biomarker

References
[1] World Health Organization. 1999. “Diabetes and classification of diabetes mellitus, part 1”. pg 2
[2] E. Loghmani, “Diabetes mellitus: type 1 and type 2” chapter 14 in, Stang, J. Story M (eds). Guidelines for Adolescent Nutrition Services (2005) pg167 assessed on 24-11-2015 URL:http://www.epi.umn.edu/let/pubs/adol_book.shtm
[3] E. Sobngwi, J. C. Mbanya, E. N. Moukouri, K. B. Ngu “Microalbuminuria and retinopathy in a diabetic population of Cameroon” Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract, 1999, 44(3), 191-6.
[4] B. Vujičić, T. Turk, Z. Crnčević-Orlić, G. Đorđević, S. Rački, “Diabetic Nephropathy” In Tech 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/50115. Accessed on 10/12/2015.
[5] P. Bhoomika, H. A. Dadhania-Amit, A. D. Gauravi “Study of microalbuminuria in diabetes type 2 patients as a marker of morbidity”. IJBAR, 2012, 3(10), 763.
[6] T. Zelmanovitz, A. F. Gerchman, P. S. Balthazar, C. S. Fúlvio, J. Thomazelli, D. Matos, L. H. Canani “Diabetic nephropathy. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome” 2009, 1(10). http://www.dmsjournal.com/content/1/1/10 accessed on 10/12/2015.
[7] W. Sheldon, P. A. Tobe, D. McFarlane, M. Naimark “Microalbuminuria in diabetes mellitus”. CMAJ, 2002, 167 (5), 499-502.
[8] D. Parchwani, S. P. Singh “Microalbuminuria in diabetes patients: Prevalence and putative risk factors” Nat. J. Com. Med, 2011, 2(1), 126.
[9] A. Abdalkader, H. Faris Al Lami “Prevalence and determinants of microalbuminurea among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, Baghdad, Iraq”. Saudi J. Kidney Dis. Transpl, 2013, 27, 348-55.
[10] M. M. Lloyd, J. Kuyl, H. Van Jaarsveld “Evaluation of point of care test for detecting microalbuminuria in diabetic patients”. S. Afr. Fam. Pract, 2011, 53(3), 281-286
[11] J. J. Noubiap, J. Naidoo, A. P. Kengne “Diabetic nephropathy in Africa: A systematic review”, World J. Diabetes, 2015, 10, 6(5). 759-773.
[12] S. A. Khudhair “Prevalence of Microalbuminuria In Diabetic Patients In Al-Najaf City. Kufa” Med. Journal, 2009, 12(1), 462.
[13] S. P. Choukem, E. Sobngwi, P. Boudou, L. S. Fetita, R. Porcher, I. Fidaa, B. Blondeau, P. Vexiau, F. Mauvais-Jarvis, F. Calvo J. F. “Gautier “β- and α-Cell Dysfunctions in Africans with Ketosis-Prone Atypical Diabetes During Near-Normoglycemic Remission” Diabetes Care, 2013, 36 (1), 118–123.
[14] M. N. Elbagir, M. A. Eltom, H. Rosling, C. Berne “Glycaemic Control of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Sudan: Influence of Insulin Shortage” Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract, 1995, 30 (1), 43–52.
[15] B. A. Eghan Jr, M. T. Frempong and M. Adjei-Poku “Prevalence and predictors of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional observational study in Kumasi, Ghana” Ethnicity & Disease, 2007, 7(1), 726-730.
[16] K. Luthale, J. Joy, T. Hrafenkell, A. G. Zulfiqarali, V. Kåre “Microalbuminuria among Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients of African origin in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania”, BMC Nephrol, 2007, 8(2). http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2369/8/2.
[17] S. Ghosh, I. Lyaruu, K. Yeates “Prevalence and factors associated with microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients at a diabetes clinic in northern Tanzania”. Afr. J. Diabetes Med, 2012, 20(2), 43.
[18] P. Khan, M. Khan, W. Khan, A. Aziz and A. Ahad “Relationship of Glycemic Control with Prevalence of Microalbuminuria in Diabetic Patients” Gomal J. Med. Sci, 2012, 10(2), 201-204.
[19] M. Sigdel, N. Rajbhandari, S. Basnet, A. Nagila, P. Basnet, B. K. Tamrakar “Microalbuminuria amongtype 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Pokhara, Nepal” Nepal Med. Coll. J, 2008, 10, 242-5.
[20] M. T. Pruijm, G. Madeline, W. F. Rieson, M. Burnier, P. Bovet “Prevalence of microalbuminuria in the general population of Seychelles and strong association with diabetes and hypertension independent of renal markers” J. Hypertens, 2008, 26, 871-7.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Marie Ebob Agbortabot Bissong, Gerald Ngo Teke, Moses Samje, Harris Goneh, Frank Eric Tatsing Foka, et al. (2017). Microalbuminuria in Diabetic Patients in the Bamenda Health District. Science Journal of Clinical Medicine, 6(4), 63-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20170604.14

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Marie Ebob Agbortabot Bissong; Gerald Ngo Teke; Moses Samje; Harris Goneh; Frank Eric Tatsing Foka, et al. Microalbuminuria in Diabetic Patients in the Bamenda Health District. Sci. J. Clin. Med. 2017, 6(4), 63-67. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20170604.14

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Marie Ebob Agbortabot Bissong, Gerald Ngo Teke, Moses Samje, Harris Goneh, Frank Eric Tatsing Foka, et al. Microalbuminuria in Diabetic Patients in the Bamenda Health District. Sci J Clin Med. 2017;6(4):63-67. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20170604.14

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.sjcm.20170604.14,
      author = {Marie Ebob Agbortabot Bissong and Gerald Ngo Teke and Moses Samje and Harris Goneh and Frank Eric Tatsing Foka and Henri-Lucien Kamga},
      title = {Microalbuminuria in Diabetic Patients in the Bamenda Health District},
      journal = {Science Journal of Clinical Medicine},
      volume = {6},
      number = {4},
      pages = {63-67},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sjcm.20170604.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20170604.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjcm.20170604.14},
      abstract = {Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) and it accounts for one third of all patients requiring renal replacement therapy in Africa. Diabetic patients with microalbuminuria (MA) have an increased risk of progression to macroalbuminuria and later to ESRD. So detecting MA which is a marker of DN helps to alert the clinician to intervene at a time when future renal damage is still preventable. The main goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of MA in diabetic patients at the Bamenda Regional Hospital. This study was a prospective cross sectional study involving diabetic patients at the Bamenda Regional Hospital. A random (spot) or first morning urine specimen was collected and MA was measured by a semi quantitative dipstick method using the URS-14H urine test strips. The prevalence of MA in the present study was 34.6%, which is high but similar to the results of other studies done in sub-Saharan Africa. Although MA was more common (50%) in individuals with diabetes more than 16 years, a high proportion (42.85%) of patients with MA had a duration of diabetes of ≤ 5years. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of MA with respect to age, gender and duration of diabetes. This study showed a high prevalence of MA in the diabetic population presenting at the Bamenda Regional Hospital. Consequently, measures of glycemic control should be enhanced in this population to prevent the progression to macroalbuminuria and ESRD.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Microalbuminuria in Diabetic Patients in the Bamenda Health District
    AU  - Marie Ebob Agbortabot Bissong
    AU  - Gerald Ngo Teke
    AU  - Moses Samje
    AU  - Harris Goneh
    AU  - Frank Eric Tatsing Foka
    AU  - Henri-Lucien Kamga
    Y1  - 2017/10/18
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20170604.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.sjcm.20170604.14
    T2  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
    JF  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
    JO  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
    SP  - 63
    EP  - 67
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2732
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20170604.14
    AB  - Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) and it accounts for one third of all patients requiring renal replacement therapy in Africa. Diabetic patients with microalbuminuria (MA) have an increased risk of progression to macroalbuminuria and later to ESRD. So detecting MA which is a marker of DN helps to alert the clinician to intervene at a time when future renal damage is still preventable. The main goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of MA in diabetic patients at the Bamenda Regional Hospital. This study was a prospective cross sectional study involving diabetic patients at the Bamenda Regional Hospital. A random (spot) or first morning urine specimen was collected and MA was measured by a semi quantitative dipstick method using the URS-14H urine test strips. The prevalence of MA in the present study was 34.6%, which is high but similar to the results of other studies done in sub-Saharan Africa. Although MA was more common (50%) in individuals with diabetes more than 16 years, a high proportion (42.85%) of patients with MA had a duration of diabetes of ≤ 5years. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of MA with respect to age, gender and duration of diabetes. This study showed a high prevalence of MA in the diabetic population presenting at the Bamenda Regional Hospital. Consequently, measures of glycemic control should be enhanced in this population to prevent the progression to macroalbuminuria and ESRD.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon

  • Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon

  • Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon

  • Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon

  • Department of Biological Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng, South Africa

  • Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon

  • Sections